1 Samuel 1:13

Authorized King James Version

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Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken.

Original Language Analysis

וְחַנָּ֗ה Now Hannah H2584
וְחַנָּ֗ה Now Hannah
Strong's: H2584
Word #: 1 of 14
channah, an israelitess
הִ֚יא H1931
הִ֚יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 2 of 14
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת she spake H1696
מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת she spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 3 of 14
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
לִבָּ֔הּ in her heart H3820
לִבָּ֔הּ in her heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 5 of 14
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
רַ֚ק H7535
רַ֚ק
Strong's: H7535
Word #: 6 of 14
properly, leanness, i.e., (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although
שְׂפָתֶ֣יהָ only her lips H8193
שְׂפָתֶ֣יהָ only her lips
Strong's: H8193
Word #: 7 of 14
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
נָּע֔וֹת moved H5128
נָּע֔וֹת moved
Strong's: H5128
Word #: 8 of 14
to waver, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (as subjoined)
וְקוֹלָ֖הּ but her voice H6963
וְקוֹלָ֖הּ but her voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 9 of 14
a voice or sound
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 10 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ was not heard H8085
יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ was not heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 11 of 14
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ thought H2803
וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ thought
Strong's: H2803
Word #: 12 of 14
properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou
עֵלִ֖י therefore Eli H5941
עֵלִ֖י therefore Eli
Strong's: H5941
Word #: 13 of 14
eli, an israelite highpriest
לְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃ she had been drunken H7910
לְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃ she had been drunken
Strong's: H7910
Word #: 14 of 14
intoxicated, as a state or a habit

Analysis & Commentary

Hannah's silent prayer - moving lips without audible voice - was unusual enough that Eli assumed intoxication. The phrase 'spake in her heart' describes internal dialogue directed toward God. This intimate form of prayer bypassed public performance for private communion. The Spirit-inspired narrator validates Hannah's approach, contrasting it with Eli's superficial judgment based on appearances. God, who knows the heart, received Hannah's prayer while His priest completely misread the situation.

Historical Context

Silent prayer was uncommon in ancient worship, which typically involved audible proclamations. The Talmud later codified Hannah's example as the basis for the requirement that prayers be spoken but not loudly enough for others to hear (Berakhot 31a).

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